cch;voH z;UD anunAsike ca ONPANINI 64019
Replace cch with z and v with UTh before nasal, ( kvi, and serious kGit).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 631

Example before naG, that starts with a nasal --

pracch + na pra + z + na → prazna- "question"

(Notice that stozzcu did not change the n. That's because of exception zAt.)

Example before kta, which is a kGit, and starts with t, which is a serious --

pracch + kta →grahijy pRcch + ta pRz + ta →vrazca;bhrasja pRS + ta →STunA pRSTa- "asked"

KAZIKA cha ity etasya sa-tukkasya, vakArasya ca sthAne yathAsaGkhyam zUTH ityetAvAdezau bhavataH, anunAsikAdau pratyayai parataH kvau jhalAdau ca kGiti. praznaH. viznaH. antaraGgatvAt che ca iti tuki kRte satukkasya zAdezaH. vakArasya UTH syonaH. siverauNAdike na pratyaye laghUpadhaguNAt pUrvamUTH kriyate. tatra kRte 'ntaraGgatvAd yaNAdezo nAnAzrayatvAt ca na vArNAdAGgaM balIyaH bhavati. kvau chasya zabdaprAT. kvabvaci ityAdinauNAdikaH kvip dIrghazca. goviT. vakArasya akSadyUH. hiraNyaSThyUH. asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge iti nAjAnantarye iti pratiSidhyate. jhalAdau chasya pRSTaH. pRSTavAn. pRSTvA. vakArasya dyUtaH. dyUtavAn. dyUtvA. kGiti ityeva, dyubhyAs. dyubhiH. kecid atra kGiti iti na anuvartayanti. kathaM dyubhyAm, dyubhiH iti UThi kRte? diva ut iti taparatvAn mAtrAkAlo bhaviSyati. chazAM SaH ityatra chagrahaNaM na kartavyam. anena eva hi sarvatra zakAro vidhIyate. UThaSThitkaraNam etyadhatyUThsu 61189 iti vizeSaNArtham. vAha UTH 64139 ityayam api Thideva.

znAn@ na-lopaH ONPANINI 64023
Delete n of root after znam.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 632

Roots with a nexttolast nasal sound, like bhanj hiMs, appear as bhaJj hiMs in modern dictionaries, but the dhAtupATha lists them as bhanj hins. So this rule can be reworded as --

' znamclass roots with a nexttolast nasal lose it when znam is added '

Examples --

bhanj + laT tip → bhanj + znam + ti →midaco bha + na + nj + ti bha + na + j + ti →coHkuH bhanakti "breaks"

bhanj + laT jhi bhananjanti bhanajanti →znasorallopaH bhanjanti →nazcA bhaMjanti →anusvA bhaJjanti "they break"

hiMs + laT tip hinasti "he hurts"

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA znAd iti znam ayam utsRSTa-makAro gRhyate. tata uttarasya nakArasya lopo bhavati. anakti. bhanakti. hinasti. zakAravato grahaNam kim? yajJAnAm. yatnAnAm. supi ceti paratvAt kRte 'pi dIrghatve sthAnivadbhavAt nalopaH syAdeva. viznAnAm, praznAnAm ityatra lakSaNapratipadoktayoH pratipadoktasya eva ityevaM na bhavati.

an-iditAM hala:: upadhAyAH kGiti ONPANINI 64024
Non- idit halanta roots (lose) nexttolast (nasal sound) before kGit.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 633

So, before a kGit affix, roots like sraMs(u) dhvaMs(u) aJcu raJj dambh will turn into sras dhvas ac raj dabh --

sraMs + kta srasta- "broken"

aJcu + kvin ac + kvin →vera ac''' "that leans to"

The root nand "rejoice, prosper" is unaffected by this rule because it is idit, ie, it has label i in the dhAtupATha. It appears there listed as --

(Du)nad(i) samRddhau 01.0070

and it gets num because of id-ito num dhAtoH. So we say --

nand + kta → nandita- "he rejoiced"

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA aniditAm aGgAnAM halantAnAm upadhAyAH nakArasya lopo bhavati kGiti pratyaye parataH. srastaH. dhvastaH. srasyate. dhvasyate. sanIsrasyate. danIdhvasyate. aniditAm iti kim? nandyate. nAnandyate. halaH iti kim? nIyate. nenIyate. upadhAyAH iti kim? nahyate. nAnahyate. kGiti iti kim? sraMsitA. dhvaMsitA. aniditAM nalope laGgikampyorupatApazarIravikArayorupasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. vilagitaH. vikapitaH. upatApazarIravikArayoH iti kim? vilaGgitaH. vikampitaH. raJjerNau mRgaramaNa upasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. rajayati mRgAn. janIjRRSknasuraJjo 'mantAzca iti mittvAdupadhAhrasvatvam. mRgaramaNa iti kim? raJjayati vastrANi. ghinuNi ca raJjerupasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. rAgI. tyajarajabhaja iti nipAtanAd vA siddham. rajakarajanarajaHsUpasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. rajakaH. rajanam. rajaH.

Small detail. The original rule does not say "delete nasal sound", it just says "delete n" (a trickle from the nalopa of the previous rule). That makes sense because the roots that are listed as sraMs raJj dambh in modern dictionaries appear as srans ranj danbh in the dhAtupATha. Listing them with n is fine, because the n will eventually turn into M J m by nazcA and anusvA.

daMza;saJja;svaJjAM zapi ONPANINI 64025
daMz saJja svaJj (lose their n) before zap.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 634

Examples --

dazati "he bites"

sajati "clings to, sticks to"

pariSvajate "he hugs" ( with S from upasargAtsunoti )

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA daMza saJja SvaJja ityeteSAm aGgAnAM zapi parata upadhAyA nakArasya lopo bhavati. dazati. sajati. pariSvajate.

raJjez ca ONPANINI 64026
raJj (loses J before zap)mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 635

raJj + laT tip → raJj + zap + tip rajati "dyes, paints"

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA raJjezca zapi parataH upadhAyAH nakArasya lopo bhavati. rajati, rajataH, rajanti. pRthagyogakaranam uttarArtham.

ghaJi ca bhAva-karaNayoH ONPANINI 64027
(Delete the J of raJj) before ghaJ when meaning state or instrument.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 636

As in --

rAga- "dyeing"

rAga- "painting tool"

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA bhAvakaranavAcini ghaJi parato raJjeH upadhAyA nakArasya lopo bhavati. bhAve Azcaryo rAgaH. vicitro rAgaH. karaNe rajyate anena iti rAgaH. bhAvakaraNayoH iti kim? rajanti tasminniti raGgaH.

n%AJceH pUjAyAm ONPANINI 64030
n of aJcu stays when it means worshippingmmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 637

Exception to aniditA. aJcu is a non- idit halanta and should always lose J before kGit, like here --

ud + aJc + kta →aniditA ud + acta- →coHkuH udakta- "(was) drawn up"

As in --

udaktam udakaGM kUpAt "water was drawn up from the well"

However, when aJcu means respecting, honoring, worshipping, its J stays even before kGit --

aJc + kta →aJceHpUjAyAm aJcita- "respected, honored"

As in --

aJcitA asya guravaH "his gurus were honored"

Rule aJceHpUjAyAm sounds similar, so be careful.

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA aJceH pUjAyAm arthe nakArasya lopo na bhavati. aJcitA asya guravaH. aJcitam eva ziro vahati. aJceH pUjAyAm iti iD-AgamaH. pUjAyAm iti kim? udaktam udakaM kUpAt. uddhRtam ity arthaH. yasya vibhASA itIT-pratiSedhaH.

zAsa:: id aG;haloH ONPANINI 64034
( nexttolast of) zAs to i before aG or consonant kGit affix.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 638

This rule turns zAs into zis, then zis turns into ziS by zAsivasi.

Example before aG --

zAs + luG tip → azAs + tip → azAs + t''' →sartti azAs + aG + t azis + a + t →zAsi;vasi aziSat "he taught"

Example before kta, which is always kit and starts with t --

zAs + kta zis + ta- →zAsivasi ziSta- →STunA ziSTa- "was instructed, was taught"

Example before tas, when rule sArvadhAtukamapit made it Git --

zAs + laT tas zis + tas →zAsivasi ziStas →STunA ziSTas "both teach"

Counterexample before a vowel affix that is Git --

anu + zAs + laT jhi →jakSi anu + zAs ( stammered ) + jhi → anu + zAs + ati''' → anuzAsati "they forecast"

Counterexample before a consonant affix that is not kGit --

anu + zAs + laT tip → anuzAsti "he forecasts"

KAZIKA zAsa upadhAyA ikArAdezo bhavati aGi parato halAdau ca kGiti. anvaziSat, anvaziSatAm, anvaziSan. halAdau kitiziSTaH. ziSTavAn. Giti AvAM ziSvaH. vayaM ziSmaH. ittve kRte zAsi;vasi;ghasInAM ca iti Satvam. aGhaloH iti kim? zAsati. zazAsatuH. zazAsuH. kvau ca zAsa ittvaM bhavati iti vaktavyam. AryAn zAsti iti AryazIH. mitrazIH. yasmAt zAseH aG vihitaH zAsu anuziSTau iti, tasya eva idaM grahaNam iSyate. AGaH zAsu icchAyAm iti asya na bhavati. AzAste. AzAsyamAnaH. kvippratyaye tu tasya api bhavati iti vaktavyam. AzIH, AziSau, AziSaH. kSiyA;''zIH;praiSeSu tiG AkAGkSamiti nipAtanAd vA siddham.

inria conjugation, last time I checked, said zAstas, not ziSTas, for "both teach". That was a bug. Hyderabad's verb forms generator agrees with pANini.

hanter jaH ONPANINI 64036
han to ja (before hi''')mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 640

Only example --

han + loT sip → han + hi''' jahi "kill!"

KAZIKA hanterdhAtoH jaH ityayam Adezo bhavati hau parata. jahi zatrUn.

anudAtt%opadeza;vanati;tanoty-AdInAm anunAsika-lopo jhali kGiti ONPANINI 64037
Some roots lose final nasal before serious kGitmmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 641

Some of those roots are yam ram nam gam han van, and the tanAdi (a.k.a uclass). There are others. Other nasal-ender roots, such as zam, are not affected by this rule.

Examples before kit affixes that start with t, which is serious --

han + kta hata- "was killed"

gam + kta gata- "gone; went"

gam + ktvA gatvA "after going"

man + ktin mati- "opinion"

tan + ktavatu m + su ta + tavat + s tatavAn "he extended"

Examples before tas tha (when they are Git by hard apit is Git ) --

han + laT tas hatas' "they two kill"

han + laT tha hatha "y'all kill"

If the kGit does not start with a serious, the nasal stays --

han + yak + karmaNi laT tas → hanyate "is being killed"

han + laT mas → hanmas "we kill"

And of course the nasal stays before the non- kGit --

han + laT tip → hanti "kills"

See conjugation of han for more examples.

See also optional exceptions below: vAlyapi and naktici.

Back to rules that delete root nasal .

KAZIKA anudAttopadezAnAm aGgAnAM vanateH tanotyAdInAM ca anunAsikalopo bhavati jhalAdau kGiti pratyaye parataH. yamu yatvA. yataH. yatavAn. yatiH. ramu ratvA. rataH. ratavAn. ratiH. anudAttopadezA anunAsikAntA yamiraminamigamihanimanyatayaH. vanati vatiH. ktino rUpam etat. ktici tu nakticidIrghazca 64039 iti bhavati. anyatra jhalAdAviTA bhavitavyam. tanotyAdayaH tataH. tatavAn. sanoterAtvaM vakSyati. kSaNu kSataH. kSatavAn. RNu RtaH. RtavAn. tRNu tRtaH. tRtavAn. ghRNu ghRtaH. ghRtavAn. vanu vataH. vatavAn. manu mataH. matavAn. Giti atata. atathAH. anudAttopadezavanatitanotyAdInAm iti kim? zAntaH. zAntavAn. tAntaH. tAntavAn. dAntaH. dAntavAn. anunAsikasya iti kim? pakvaH. pakvavAn. jhali iti kim? gamyate. ramyate. kGiti iti kim? yantA. yantavyam. upadezagrahaNaM kim? iha vayathA syAt, gatiH. iha ca mA bhUt, zAntaH, zAntavAniti.

vA lyapi ONPANINI 64038
(Those roots lose nasal) optionally before lyap.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 642

Optional exception to the previous rule. The roots that lose final nasal by the above rule before serious kGit, may keep it before lyap.

Example. gam root ordinarily loses m before all serious kGit, including ktvA and its replacement lyap --

gam + ktvA →anudAttopadeza gatvA "went and"

AG + gam + ktvA → Agam + lyap →anudAttopadeza Aga + lyap →hrasvasyapi Agatya "came and"

Yet if there is a preverb, we may keep the m by this rule --

AG + gam + ktvA → Agam + lyap Agamya "came and"

or lose it as usual --

AG + gam + ktvA →anudAttopadeza Aga + lyap →hrasvasyapiti Agatya "came and"

KAZIKA lyapi parataH anudAttopadeza-vanatitanotyAdInAm anunAsika-lopaH vA bhavati. vyavasthitavibhASA ca iyam, tena makArAntAnAM vikalpo bhavati, anyatra nityam eva lopaH. prayatya, prayamya. praratya, praramya. praNatya, praNamya. Agatya, Agamya. Ahatya. pramatya. pravatya. prakSatya.

na ktici dIrghaz ca ONPANINI 64039
But not before (k)ti(c), and no lengthening.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 643

Exception to anudAttopadeza and to anunAsikasyakvi. The affix ktic, that makes feminine action nouns like ktin, is kGit and starts with a serious, but does not make the roots yam ram nam gam han van, the uclass, etc, drop their nasal nor lengthen their root-vowel. So we say --

yam + ktic →nazcA yaMti- →anusvA yanti- f "restraining, supporting"

KAZIKA ktici parato 'nudAttopadezAdInAm anunAsikalopaH dIrghazca na bhavati. yantiH. vantiH. tantiH. anunAsikalope pratiSiddhe anunAsikasyakvijhaloHkGiti iti dIrghaH prApnoti, so 'pi pratiSidhyate.

ato lopaH ONPANINI 64048
Erase a before soft.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 644

Examples. The root han sometimes turns into vadha, that ends in a. Also, all the sananta roots end in a. These a are lost before soft affixes such as sic, soft liG, u', a', tRc, tumun, tavya --

han + luG →luGica vadha + tip →luGlaG avadha + tip → avadha + t''' → avadha + sic + t avadh + s + t → avadh + s + It''' →iTa::ITi avadhIt

han + @soft liG jhi → han + yAsus''' →hanovadhaliGi vadha + yAsus vadhyAsus "may they kill"

yuyutsa + u' yuyutsu- "that want to fight"

cikIrSa + tRc →ArdhadhAtukasyeD cikIrSa + itRc cikIrSitR- "one that wants to make"

(Remember that kR is aniT, but cikIrSa is seT, by ekAca::u)

cikIrSa + tumun cikIrSitum "to want to make"

cikIrSa + tavya n + jas cikIrSitavyAni "things that are wanted to be made, items in demand"

KAZIKA akArAntasya ArdhadhAtuke lopo bhavati. cikIrSitA. cikIrSitum. cikIrSitavyam. dhinutaH. kRNutaH. ataH iti kim? cetA. stotA. taparakaraNaM kim? yAtA. vAtA. ArdhAdhAtuke iti kim? vRkSatvam. vRkSatA. vRddhidIrghAbhyAm ato lopaH pUrvavipratiSedhena. cikIrSakaH. jihIrSakaH. cikIrSyate. jihIrSyate.

Ner an-iTi ONPANINI 64051
Ni to ( lopa) before iT-less ( soft).mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 645

Exception to the rules that replace Nic with iyaG, yaN, guNa, vRddhi, or long. Before iT-less soft affixes, the Nic is dropped.

Example before Nvul --

kR + Nic + Nvul →ata_upa kAr + i + Nvul →yuvoranAkau kAr + i + aka kAraka-

Examples before yak --

kR + causative Nic + yak + laT ta → kAri + ya + ta → kAri + ya + te''' kAryate "is being caused to make"

cur + karmaNi laT ta →satyApa cur + Nic + yak + ta cori + yak + te''' coryate "is being stolen"

This Nic however will not disappear, because tAs got iT in front --

kAri + luT tip → kAri + tAs + tip → kAri + tA →ArdhadhAtukasye kAri + itA →hardsoft kAre + itA →ecoya kArayitA "he'll make (him) do (it)"

(Remember that kAri is seT because ekAca_u says so)

KAZIKA aniDAdAv ArdhadhAtuke Ner lopo bhavati. iyaG-yaN-guNa-vRddhi-dIrghANAm apavAdaH. atatakSat. ararakSat. Azizat. ATiTat. kAraNA. hAraNA. kArakaH. hArakaH. kAryate. hAryate. jJIpsati. aniTi iti kim? kArayitA. hArayitA.

Ato lopa:: iTi ca ONPANINI 64064
Erase A (of a root) before iT (and before vowel kGit soft).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 647

Before vowel kit soft --

dhA + liT jhi dadhA + atus dadhatus "both gave"

dhmA + liT jhi dadhmA + us dadhmus "they blew"

Before iT --

pA + liT thal → papA + iT + thal → papitha "you drank"

Before vowel Git soft --

pra + dA + aG' f pra + d + aG' →ajAdyataSTAp pra + d + a + Ap → pradA- f "gift"

KAZIKA iTyajAdAvArdhadhAtuke kGiti ca AkArAntasya aGgasya lopo bhavati. iTi papitha. tasthitha. kiti papatuH. papuH. tasthatuH. tasthuH. godaH. kambaladaH. Giti pradA. pradhA. ArdhadhAtuke ityeva, yAnti. vAnti. vyatyare. vyatyale. rAter lAtezca laGi iTi rUpam. aci ityeva, glAyate. dAsIya.

Incidentally, the A of znA and of A roots will also be erased before some hard affixes (as in krINanti "they buy", dadati "they give", dadhati "they put"), but that's because of another rule, znAbhya.

Id yati ONPANINI 64065
(A to) I before yatmmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 648

Example --

dA "give" + yat dI + yat →hardsoft deya- "givable, that should be given"

This I will always turn into e by hardsoft, so you may if you like remember this rule as --

' A to e before yat '

Examples --

hA "avoid" + yat heya- "avoidable, that must be avoided"

gai "sing" + yat →Adeca_u gA + yat geya- "singable"

pA "drink" + yat peya- "drinkable"

as in --

kAka-peyA nadI "the river is very shallow"

heyanM duHkham an-Agatam "future pain can and must be avoided"

KAZIKA IkAraH Adezo bhavati AkArantasya aGgasya yati parataH. deyam. dheyam. heyam. steyam.

ghu;mA;sthA; gA;pA;jahAti; sAM hali ONPANINI 64066
ghu mA sthA gA pA jahAti sA to I before consonant kGit soft.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 649

Examples

with gA from gai "sing" --

gai + kta →Adeca_u gA + kta gIta- "sung, song"

with the ghu roots dA dhA --

dA + yak + laT te''' dIyate "it is given"

abhi + dhA + yak + laT te''' abhidhIyate "it is called"

dA + yak + loT tAm'''' dIyatAm "let it be given!"

When used without a doer, dIyatAm is a doerless loT . It is a polite alternative to dehi "gimmi!" more often than not.

KAZIKA ghusaMjJAkAnAm aGgAnAM, mA sthA gA pA jahAti sA ityeteSAM halAdau kGiti pratyaye parataH IkArAdezo bhavati. dIyate. dhIyate. dedIyate. dedhIyate. mIyate. memIyate. sthIyate. teSTHIyate. gIyate. jegIyate. adhyagISTa, adhyagISAtAm, adhyagISata. pIyate. pepIyate. pAteriha grahaNaM na asti, lugvikaraNatvAt. pAyate ityeva tasya bhavati. hIyate. jehIyate. jahAteriha nirdezAt jihAter grahaNaM na bhavati. hAyate. So 'ntakarmaNi. avasIyate. avasesIyate. hali iti kim? dadatuH. daduH. Ato lopAddhi paratvAdItvam syAt. etadeva halgrahaNaM jJApakam asmin prakaraNe vipratiSedhena asiddhatvaM bhavati. kGiti ityeva, dAtA. dhAtA.

luG;laG;lRGkSv aD udAttaH ONPANINI 64071
Before luG laG lRG, ( root gets) aT.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 652

This works when the root starts with a consonant -- for vowelstarters, see the exception AD-aj-AdInAm below.

Examples --

bhU + luG tip abhU + tip →itazca abhUt "there was"

pac + laG sip apac + sip → apac + s''' →kartarizap apacas "you cooked"

dviS + lRG mip adviS + mip → adviS + am''' → adviS + sya + am →puganta adveS + sya + am →SaDhoHkassi adveksya + am →atoguNe adveksyam →kric advekSyam "I would have hated"

KAZIKA luG laG lRGityeteSu parato 'Ggasya aDAgamo bhavati, udAttazca sa bhavati. luG akArSIt. ahArSIt. laG akarot. aharat. lRG akariSyat. ahariSyat.

The k in the rule comes from GNoHkukTukzari.

AD aj-AdInAm ONPANINI 64072
But vowel starters get AT.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 653

Exception to luGlaG. Vowel-starter roots get AT, not aT, before luG laG lRG.

This roughly means thatwe must replace the start vowel of the root with vRddhi.

Examples with i I starters. As i I are ik vowels, ATazca will work here --

iS + laG tip iccha- + t''' [ AT + iccha ] + t →ATazca aiccha + t → aicchat "wanted"

IkSa- + t''' → aikSat "saw"

Examples with A-a-starters --

as + laG mip AT + as + mip →akassa As + mip →tasthastha Asam "I was"

As + laG ta AT + As + ta →akassa Asta "he sat"

Ap + laG tip AT + Ap + tip AT + Ap + znu + t''' → Apnot "he got"

Example with an R-starter --

R + luG AT + R + luG →ATazca A + luG →uraNra Ar + luG →sartti;zAsty;a Ar + aG + luG Arat "he went"

KAZIKA AD-Agamo bhavati ajA-''dInAM luGlaGlRGkSu parataH, udAttaz ca sa bhavati. aikSiSTa. aihiSTa. aubjIt. aumbhIt. laG aikSata. aihata. aubjat. aumbhat. lRG aikSiSyata. aihiSyata. aubjiSyat. aumbhiSyat. iha aijyata, aupyata, auhyata iti laGi kRte lAvasthAyAm aD-AgamAd antaraGga-tvAl lAdezaH kriyate, tatra kRte vikaraNo nityatvAd aD-AgamaM bAdhate. zabdAntara-prApter aD-Agamasya anitya-tvam, kRte hi vikaraNAntasya aGgasya tena bhavitavyam, akRte tu dhAtu-mAtrasya zabdAntarasya prApnuvan vidhir anityo bhavati. nanu zabdAntarAd iti vikaraNo 'nityaH? vikaraNe kRte samprasAraNam aD-AgamAn nityatvAd eva bhavati, samprasAraNe ca kRte 'jAdy-aGgaM jAtam iti ADajAdInAm ity AD-AgamaH.

na mAG-yoge ONPANINI 64074
But not in connection with mAG.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 654

The rules luGlaG and AD-aj-AdInAm above add aT or AT in front of a root that carries luG or laG. By this exception, aT AT won't be added when mAG is connected by sense to the verb.

mAG is used to dissuade or prohibit, as in --

u mA tapaH kArSIH "oh, don't practice austerities!"

mA ca roSaGM kRthAsH saumya mayi zatrunibarhaNa "and don't get angry with me, handsome warrior!"

mA tvamM bhiru vRkAd bhaiSIH | rakSiSyati dhanur mama "Don't be afraid of the wolf, kiddo, my bow will keep you safe."

In these examples, the luG verbs did not get luGlaG. The same verbs with no mA and with luGlaG would mean --

tapo 'kArSIH "you practised austerities"

roSam akRthAH "you got angry"

abhaiSIH "you were afraid"

Inria flags the luG that lost aT or AT not with aor as usual, but as inj ( injunctive). Which is a misnomer because the form is not used just for negative commands, but also for negative suggestions, advice, and blessings.

KAZIKA mAGyoge luGlaGlRGkSu yad uktaM tan@ na bhavati. mA bhavAn kArSIt. mA bhavAn hArSIt. mA sma karot. mA sma harat. mA bhavAnIhiSTa. mA bhavAnIkSiSTa. mA sma bhavAnIhata. mA sma bhavAnIkSata.