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ekaH pUrva-parayoH

एकः पूर्वॱपरयोः ONPANINI 61084

(The following rules replace) both previous and following with the same one.

NDEVANAGARI

This is an /adhikAra, valid from here 61086 Satvatukor... >> down to 61111 Rta::ut. These rules are called the /ekAdeza rules (replace-two-with-one rules).

Those rules do a special kind of replacing called a merge (or /ekAdeza substitution).

Example. When we join azva- अश्वॱ and ina इन, rule AdguNaH >>> appears to tell us "replace after a अ before i इ with e ए", which is sort of nonsensical. But ekaHpUrva एकःपूर्व explains what AdguNaH >>> means:

1. We have to replace azva अश्व with e ए getting azve अश्वे
2. We replace ina इन with e ए getting ena एन
3. Both e ए are ONE AND THE SAME e ए, so we get azvena अश्वेन, not azveena.

**azva- अश्वॱ + ina इन
→ **azvena अश्वेन

So, rule AdguNaH >>> does NOT replace a::i अ‌इ with e ए. It replaces a अ with e ए, and it replaces i इ with the same e ए.

Why would that be relevant? We'd get **azvena अश्वेन either way.

Two reasons.

First, for brevity. If this ekaHpUrva एकःपूर्व rule did not exist, rule AdguNaH >>> would have to be replaced with some other rule meaning "replace a अ with e ए before i इ and delete the i इ", and that rule would be longer. To save space, /pANini gathered in this section of the grammar many rules that replace two things with one. See pANini's razor.

Second, to trigger other rules. When AdguNaH >>> applies to mahA- महाॱ + RSi- ऋषिॱ, it replaces A आ with a अ and it replaces R ऋ with the same a अ. The replacing of R ऋ with a अ triggers uraNraparaH automatically and we get **maharSi- महर्षिॱ. If rule AdguNaH >>> were instead replacing a::R अ‌ऋ with a अ, there would be no uraNraparaH, because uraNraparaH triggers when you replace a vowel, not when you replace two.