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kArake कारके ONPANINI 14023

When related to an action.

This in an /adhikAra. It means —

The following sUtras only apply to nouns that are in a relationship with another word.

How can the single word "kArake कारके" mean all that?

Because the sUtras are not supposed to be a complete book. The teacher issupposedto explain what a kAraka कारक is.

Let's start.

A kAraka कारक is whatever noun means anything that helps to the completion of the action. So when we say —

"devadatta देवदत्त cooks rice with a pan on the fire for his master."

...the word **pacati पचति "cooks" is a verb and means the action,

the word "devadattas देवदत्तस्" is the doer of the word **pacati पचति,

the word "rice" is the object of **pacati पचति,

the word "with a pan" is the instrument,

"on the fire" is the location,

and "for his master" is the receiver.

There are six roles in Sanskrit —

doer
object or goal
instrument
receiver, purpose or aim
departure
and location

Okay, now we can explain what this kArake कारके /adhikAra means. It says that when the subsequent rule AdhArodhik... literally says "place is called location", not just any place is called location, but only when we mean the place where something happens.

To fix ideas. In the sentence —

girir eSaH गिरिरेषः "this is a mountain"

the word giris गिरिस् means a place, but it is not said to be the location role of any other word. because we are not saying that something happens at the mountain. But if we say —

girau vyAghrA bhramanti गिरौ व्याघ्रा भ्रमन्ति "tigers roam on the mountain"

then girau गिरौ is the location role of bhramanti भ्रमन्ति, because by girau गिरौ we mean the place where the roaming happens, and if we say —

girau vyAghrAH गिरौ व्याघ्राः "tigers are on the mountain"

then girau गिरौ is still a location, because it expresses where the being-there of the tigers happens.