chunk 90: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS chunk 90: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS→ UNCLASSIFIED CRAP AND HALFWRITTEN THINGS
inria manual
inria abbreviations
about pfp
inria sandhi
Inria codes for tenses.
ac md ps
number in inria
tense in inria
" cases " are the seven groups of
Western names of the cases.
cases in inria.
person in inria
gender in inria
colors in inria
orange in inria
Gray words in inria.
Blue words in inria.
Red words in inria.
Pink words in inria.
About inria.
Inria reader.
Inria website.
inria uses
Inria declension.
inria conjugation
inria grammar
^ 
The inria Sanskrit tools (a.k.a. SHE, "Sanskrit Heritage Engine") are a complicated tool. So start by reading the The Sanskrit Heritage Engine Reference Manual. After that, my notes might help a bit too --
all inria abbreviations sorted alphabetically
inria abbreviations by groups
^ ca causative (a non- nichclass root that carries Nic)
nom. first that is not Amantrita
ps bent that does not mean the doer
vn ' verb nominal ' (French for denominative, ie, a sanAdyanta root derived from a noun, like
^ If you use inria reader, keep this cheatsheet at hand --
abs absolutive ( ktvA or lyap)
pp past passive participle ( kta, even when kta means the doer)
ppa past active participle ( ktavatu)
ppr ac present active participle ( zatR)
ppr md present middle participle ( kartari zAnac)
^ Inria reader flags words like
Therefore, the word means "should be done" or the like --
The number after pfp shows which affix it is --
pfp (1) passive future participle with yat
pfp (2) passive future participle with anIyar
pfp (3) passive future participle with tavya or tavyat
But do not bother to learn the numbers, because if the word has
^ To get to the inria sandhi gadget, click the "Sandhi" link at the bottom of --
That shows two boxes. When you type
Important: even though this gadget only gives you one of the three options that
(inriacodesfortenses) (inriac)
^ 
When you click a red in inria reader, these abbreviations show the tense --
imp imperative = loT
inj injunctive = luG affected by namAGyoge ff
per fut periphrastic future = luT
per pft periphrastic perfect = liT that added Am''
pft perfect = liT that caused liTidhA
Keep this cheatsheet at hand whenever you use inria reader.
Back to red words in inria .
What about the leT?
Inria reader does not understand the leT, as it is vedic. That's a feature, not a bug. Just don't use inria for the veda, okay? The leT is called "subjunctive" in Western grammars.
Where are those tense names coming from?
They appear in all Sanskrit grammars written in the West.
^ The inria abbreviations ac, md, ps appear when a tense was replaced with an affix. They show --
ac -- the affix is flat (flats are always doer affixes)
md -- the affix is bent, and is a doer affix
ps -- the affix is bent, and is a nondoer affix (because it is after yak)
Examples --
Drop
Drop
Drop
What does ppr mean?
It depends --
ppr md -- got zAnac. This zAnac means the doer.
ppr ps -- got yak and zAnac. This zAnac does not mean the doer.
The bracketed numbers shows the verb class affix. So a " ppr [3] ac" got zlu and zatR.
^ 
per fut luT periphrastic future
impft laG imperfect - a past tense
pft liT perfect - a past tense
opt liG optative -- would, should, must, might, ought to
inj luG injunctive -- same as aorist, but without luGlaG ff
^ The seven cases are the seven groups of three affixes that appear in the list svaujas --
The first case, for instance, is the group of three affixes su, au, jas. These three are singular, dual and plural respectively (by rule tAnyeka), and must be used to mean one, two, many things (see rules bahuSu and dvyeka).
See also Western names of the cases .
^ 
In the
nominative (or vocative) first svaujas
accusative second amauTchaS (used for the object of a verb sometimes, see karmaNidvi)
instrumental third TAbhyAmbhis (by, with)
dative fourth GebhyAmbhyas (to, resulting in)
ablative fifth GasibhyAmbhyas (from, because)
genitive sixth GasosAm (of, among, from the viewpoint of)
locative seventh Gyossup (in, on, at)
The tables of the inria declension have the nominative in the first row, the vocative in the second row, the second affixes in the THIRD row, and so on down to the seventh affixes in the eigtht row. Be careful! If your rule says that you need to add a third affix to rAma, you will find it in the FOURTH row of the...
There, the third affixes TA bhyAm bhis are displayed in the FOURTH row:
When are the su au jas called nominative, and when are they called vocative?
They are called vocative when they are used for calling or adressing (see Amantrita for examples), and nominative otherwise.
What else are su au jas used for?
You add those whenever there is no reason to use any of the others. See first ending by default for details and examples.
^ To use inria, we need to know the names of the cases. They are --
AND voc vocative = first = svaujas
acc accusative = second = amauTchaS
i instrumental = third = TAbhyAmbhis
dat dative = fourth = GebhyAmbhyas
abl ablative = fifth = GasibhyAmbhyas
loc locative = seventh = Gyossup
When we use the inria declension gadget, the first case appears in the FIRST AND SECOND rows of the table, the second in the THIRD row, the third in the FOURTH, and so on.
^ The number 3 2 1 at the end of a verb gloss in inria shows the person.
As for instance,
The color red means this has a tiG.
List of tiG with inria codes --
So if inria says that
And if
^ inria reader shows gender with the letters m f n.
In the case of comppounds, such as
If the latter is painted blue, the gender of the latter is the same as the gender of the compound.
If the latter is painted cyan, the gender of the latter is NOT the same as the gender of the compound.
Example. Type
It will tell us it's a compound of the nounbases
It will also tell us that the whole compound is m or f.
But the
cyan shows that gender of compound is not same as gender of last part. Knowing this is useful sometimes.
^ To test if a line (such as
It will show the light vowels and the heavy vowels of whatever you pasted (X means heavy, hyphen means light).
If what you pasted is a zloka line, it will say so. Test that right now, please.
There are two situations in which the gadget cannot tell if the line is good or not, and you have to check something before being sure.
When the gadget says "MAYBE ZLOKA LINE, needs caesura 4 / 4", the line is good if the fourth vowel and the fifth vowel do not belong to the same word. It is bad if they are in the same word.
When the gadget says "MAYBE ZLOKA LINE, needs caesura 5 / 3", the line is good if the fifth vowel and the sixth vowel do not belong to the same word. It is bad if they are in the same word.
Paste the following examples into the gadget to see what it says --
gadget shows arrow, so that is definitely a zloka line
gadget shows no arrow, definitely not a zloka
gadget says MAYBE and 4 / 4. The fourth and fifth vowels (yAmA) belong to different words, so the line is good
gadget says MAYBE and 4 / 4. The fourth and fifth vowels (zakti) belong to the same word, so the line is bad. Sounds awful. No way you coud chnt that.
says MAYBE and 5 / 3. Good because fifth and sixth vowels (
says MAYBE and 5 / 3. Bad because fifth and sixth vowels ( in
^ blue -- standalone noun, or last noun of compound
yellow -- non-last noun of compound
cyan -- last noun of compound, with possibly changed gender
green -- noun ( with first, used as Amantrita )
orange -- first half of Am'' verb
pink -- none of the above ( unchanging, or even "adverb", if you like )
Examples.
If
Yet
^ As of 2022, when you type
That is sort of weird, because inria reader cannot recognize
Then it adds a lot of useless crap. To keep it from hurting your eyes, click the V that is right below the orange.
inria calls the liT that got liTidhA pft or perfect, and the liT that got Am'' the per pft or periphrastic perfect.
^ When inria reader paints a word gray, that means something went wrong.
Example: type
Counterexample: type
In many situations, wrong words turn gray and correct words do not. However, we cannot trust that inria will do that always. Examples of the graying going wrong:
(1)
(2) As of 2022,
(3)
Why does inria gray out
As the job of inria is splitting sentences, you are not supposed to write into inria sentences that have been already split. If you type
You say elsewhere that
Inria expects you to use the correct modern spellings
^ inria reader paints blue or green the words it suspects to be nouns.
Most nouns are made of a nounbase and a sup. inria will show the nounbase and the sup.
Example. When you type
If you type
To decode the affix names, see the cheatsheet cases in inria . Or memorize the list nom acc i dat abl g loc.
Another example. Type
Ounce you know that the nounbase of
When you type a feminine noun, such as
^ When inria reader paints a word red, that means it suspects the word might be a verb.
A verb is made by adding a tense after a root, then replacing the tense with a tiG. Inria will show the root, the tense and the tiG.
Example. When we type
This means that the word was formed like this --
Explanation of (
The
The pr is how inria calls the laT. See inria codes for tenses .
[5]
The [5] shows that
sg 3
The sg 3 thing means " singular third person", so it means that the laT was replaced with either tip or ta.
The ac thing means that the replacer is flat, therefore it is tip, not ta.
If instead of ac it shows md or ps, then the affix would be bent, therefore ta. Test that by typing
If it shows ps, then there is yak before the ta. Test that by typing
Back to colors in inria .
^ The words that inria reader paints pink never change. They are neither blue (words that can have different sup) nor red (words that have a tiG).
Examples --
ca "and"
I typed
Inria reader makes no effort to understand if
Why does inria paint
Words like
^ When I say inria, I usually mean the inria reader.
^ The inria reader is a parser hosted at the inria website.
Use the French version if you can read French. The dictionary is way better.
Four warnings --
(1) It takes time to get used to. Be patient. It is extremely useful.
(2) Sometimes it fails. Do not think it is perfect and you'll be fine.
(4) Read the manual.
But I hate reading manuals.
Well, so do I. Actually I hate it so much that I only read them when I feel very lazy and I think that reading them I will save me time.
^ " Inria website" is my nickname for the Sanskrit Heritage Site. It contains several tools --
^ Type
That page says that the sentence was made by joining four words, this way --
Yet, that is not the exact same story that
and then there are sandhi rules that turn
What is happening here is that inria displays all original words in a disguised form. Those that actually end in
Inria does the same thing in the conjugation gadget and sandhi gadget. Words that end in
That is confusing. Why does inria do that?
Historical reasons. Sorry.
To avoid confusion, you have to remember that for inria, a final
^ The inria declension gadget is at the top of the page --
This gadget allows you to type a nounbase and choose its gender, then it shows you the result of adding all the twenty-one noun endings to it.
Example. Type
which shows the twenty-one affixes added after masculine
The su au jas are in the first row of the table,
the Amantrita su au jas are in the second row,
the second endings in the third row,
and so on down to the seventh endings in the eighth row.
If you choose feminine gender, then you cannot type just the nounbase into the gadget -- you have to type the nounbase with the feminine affix already added. The gadget will not add the Ap or GI for you. For instance, if you type
^ The conjugation gadget is at the top of --
It adds verb endings and some kRt affixes to a root.
You must be careful to choose the right verb class number, otherwise you get garbage.
Good example. If you set KH, type in root dviS, set verbclass to 2, and hit "Send" button, you get to a page that shows "Conjugation tables of dviS_1", with NO question mark before the dviS_1. Everything in that page is legit, from
Bad example. If you set KH, type in root dviS, forget to set the verbclass, and hit "Send" button, you get to a page that shows "Conjugation tables of ?dviS", with a question mark before the dviS. The question mark means inria doesn't know of any
The number _1 in dviS_1 does not mean that
^ You get to the inria grammar page by clicking the "Grammar" link at the bottom of inria reader. Or, by clicking this --
That page has two gadgets inside --
The inria declension at the top makes nouns. It adds all sup affixes to a nounbase.
The inria conjugation at the bottom makes verbs. It adds all tiG affixes to a root. Adds some kRt too.
chunk 90: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS