@intro to verb ending replacements

There are hundreds of verb making rules, most of which are used once in a blue moon. So I'll try to give a general idea of how /tiG replacement rules work by showing some verbs with /tip /tas /jhi when they replace /laT and /laG. Afterwards I'll show some with /ta /AtAm /jha.

Verbs are formed by joining two halves, a root half and a /tiG half. The root half, also called verbbase, consists mostly of a root plus one of the /vikaraNa suffixes. These verbbases are formed by adding one (or more) of those affixes to a root —

1 **bhava- भवॱ

4 **nRtya- नृत्यॱ

6 **kSipa- क्षिपॱ

10 **tarkaya- तर्कयॱ

2 **dviS- द्विष्

3 **juhu- जुहुॱ

5 **zRNu- शृणुॱ

laT tense

The affix /tas is added to bases with no change —

**bhava- भवॱ + /tas → **bhavatas भवतस्

**dviS- द्विष् + /tas → **dviSTas द्विष्टस् (sound change by STunASTuH)

/tip too is added to bases directly, but it causes gbH to bases that are liable to get it —

**bhava- भवॱ + /tip → **bhavati भवति

**dviS- द्विष् + /tip → **dveSTi द्वेष्टि

/jhi is replaced with /anti''' after most bases but with /ati''' after the /juhotyAdi —

**bhavanti भवन्ति

**juhvati जुह्वति

laG tense

In the /laG, /aT or /AT is added before the root, and /tip /tas /jhi are replaced with t त् tAm ताम् an अन् (or at अत्).

**abhavat अभवत्

**adveT अद्वेट्

**abhavatAm अभवताम्

**adviSTAm अद्विष्टाम्

**abhavan अभवन्

hu हु + /laG /tip → **ajuhot अजुहोत्

hu हु + /laG /jhi → **ajuhavus अजुहवुस्

bent endings

Some special verbs always, and all verbs when they are not doershowing, get /ta /AtAm /jha instead of tip tas jhi. laG examples —

**labha- लभॱ + /ta → **alabhata अलभत

**labha- लभॱ + /AtAm → **alabhetAm अलभेताम् (by a rule that makes a + A into e, but only the A of AtAm AthAm)

**labha- लभॱ + /jha → **alabhanta अलभन्त (by a rule that makes jha into anta, but only after a)

adviSTa

adviSAtAm

adviSata

in the /laT , these become te ते Ate आते jhe झे