yuSmad;asmadbhyAM Gaso 'z ONPANINI 71027
Gas to az after yuSmad- asmad-.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 747

There are only two examples --

yuSmad- + Gas yuSmad + a →tavamamauGasi tava + a →atoguNe tava "your, yours"

asmad- + Gas asmad + a →tavamamauGasi mama + a →atoguNe mama "my, mine"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with sixth .

Ge prathamayor am ONPANINI 71028
Ge, first and second to am (after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C- 748

Examples with Ge --

yuSmad- + Ge →tubhyamahyauGayi tubhyad + Ge →zeSelopaH tubhya + Ge tubhya + am →atoguNe tubhyam "to you"

asmad- + Ge mahyam "to me" ( same steps )

with first --

yuSmad- + su yuSmad + am →zeSelopaH yuSma + am →tvAhausau tva + a + am tvam "you"

asmad- + su asmad + am →zeSelopaH asma + am →tvAhausau aha + a + am aham "I"

AvAm "the two of us"

vayam "we"

yuvAm "the two of you"

yUyaM "y'all"

with second --

yuSmad- + am yuSmad + am →dvitIyAyAMca yuSma + A + am →tva;mAvekavacane tva + a + A + am tvAm "you"

asmad- + am asmad + am →dvitIyAyAMca asma + A + am →tva;mAvekavacane ma + a + A + am mAm "me"

AvAm "the two of us"

yuvAm "the two of you"

yuSmAn "y'all"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

zaso na ONPANINI 71029
zas to n (after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 749

Exception to Geprathama above.

Only examples --

yuSmad- + zas →zeSelopaH yuSma + as yuSma + n →dvitIyAyAMca yuSmA + n → yuSmAn "y'all"

asmad- + zas asmAn "us" ( same steps )

KAZIKA yuSmad-asmadbhyAm uttarasya zaso nakAr´Adezo bhavati. yuSmAn brAhmaNAn. asmAn brAhmaNAn. yuSmAn brAhmaNIH. asmAn brAhmaNIH. yuSmAn kulAni. asmAn kulAni.

Hairsplitters will be happy to notice that I mistranslated this rule. Because of AdeHparasya, this rule just replaces (z)as with ns, then saMyogAnta disposes of the s.

bhyaso bhyam ONPANINI 71030
fourth bhyas to bhyam (after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 750

Only examples:

yuSmad- + @fourth bhyas →zeSelopaH yuSma + bhyas yuSmabhyam "to y'all"

asmad- + @fourth bhyas asmabhyam "to us"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with fourth .

KAZIKA yuSmadasmadbhyAm uttarasya bhyasaH bhyam ityayam Adezo bhavati. yuSmabhyaM dIyate. asmabhyaM dIyate. bhyamAdeze kRte zeSelope ca bahuvacane jhalyet iti etvaM prApnoti, tataGgavRtte punarvRttAvavidhirniSThitasya iti na bhavati. kecit punarabhyamAdezametvanivRttyarthaM kurvanti. yeSAM tu zeSelopaH TilopaH, teSAm abhyamAdeza eva. udAttanivRttisvarazcAdereva bhavati.

paJcamyA:: at ONPANINI 71031
fifth ( bhyas) to at (after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 751

Only examples --

yuSmad- + @fifth bhyas →zeSelopaH yuSma + bhyas yuSma + at →atoguNe yuSmat "from y'all"

asmad- + @fifth bhyas asmat "from us"

As in --

gRhANa varam asmat kAGkSitaM yat "accept from us whatever wish you want"

KAZIKA paJcamyAH bhyasaH yuSmadasmadbhyAm uttarasya atityayam Adezo bhavati. yuSmad gacchanti. asmad gacchanti.

These yuSmat asmat words are seldom used, as the fifth bhyas turns into tasil more often than not --

yuSmad- + @fifth bhyas → yuSmad + tasil →kharica yuSmattas "from y'all"

asmad + tasil asmattas "from us"

As in --

gRhANa varam asmattaH kAGkSitaM yan nararSabha "accept from us whatever wish you want"

I tell my students to prefer the tasil option, because there is a risk of confusion, as yuSmad and asmad may also be a former in a compound. Here, for instance --

asmaddhitam idaM vAkyamM bhISmazH zAnMtanavo 'bravIt

pANDavAnAM hitaJM caiva sarvasya jagatas tathA

asmaddhitam is a compound for asmAkaM hitam "good for us".

asmAkaM hitam →supodhA asmad + hitam →jhayoho asmaddhitam

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with fifth .

ekavacanasya ca ONPANINI 71032
Gasi (to at after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 752

Only examples --

yuSmad- + Gasi yuSmad + at →zeSelopaH yuSma + at →tvamAvekavacane tva + a + at tvat "from you"

asmad- + Gasi → mat "from me" ( same steps )

As in --

tvad gacchanti "they go away from you"

na ca tvad anyamM pazyAmi yo na Apatsu tArayet "and no one but you can make us overcome these disasters"

These tvat and mat are quite seldom; usually they are replaced with the tasil-enders tvattas and mattas, as in --

bhavApyayau hi bhUtAnAM zrutau tvatto mayAnagha "I have heard from you the creation and destruction of creatures, o sinless one"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with fifth .

KAZIKA paJcamyA ekavacanasya yuSmadasmadbhyAm uttarasya atityayam Adezo bhavati. tvad gacchanti. mad gacchanti.

sAma:: Akam ONPANINI 71033
sAm to Akam (after yuSmad- asmad-).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 753

This rule can be reworded as:

" yuSmad- plus Am makes yuSmAkam and asmad- plus Am makes asmAkam "

Only examples --

yuSmad- + Am →zeSelopaH yuSma + Am →Amisarva yuSma + sAm → yuSma + Akam →akassa yuSmAkam "of y'all"

asmad- + Am → asmAkam "our, of us" ( same steps )

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with sixth .

KAZIKA sAma iti SaSthI-bahuvacanam AgatasuTkaM gRhyate. tasya yuSmadasmadbhyAm uttarasya Akam ityayam Adezo bhavati. yuSmAkam. asmAkam. atha kimartham AgatasuTko gRhyate, na ghAdezavidhAnakAle suD vidyate? tasya eva tu bhAvinaH suTo nivRttyartham. Adeze kRte hi zeSelope yuSmadasmadorakArAntatvAt suT prAptnoti, sa sthAnyantarbhUtatvAt nivartate. dIrghoccAraNaM savarNadirghArtham. akami tu sati hrasvakaraNe tadvidhAnasAmarthyAdeva savarNadIrghatvaM na prApnoti? tatsAmarthyam etvaM prati bhaviSyati iti akArakaraNametvanivRttyartham iti. ato guNe pararUpatvaM syAt.

Ata:: au NalaH ONPANINI 71034
Nal to au after Ammmmmmmmm ^ C+ 754

Example --

dA "give" + liT tip → dA + Nal dA + au → dadA + au →vRddhireci dadau "he gave"

dA "give" + liT mip dadau "I gave" ( same steps )

KAZIKA AkArAntAdaGgAduttarasya NalaH aukArAdezo bhavati. papau. tasthau. jaglau. mamlau. atra autvam, ekAdezaH , sthAnivadbhAvaH, dvirvacanam ityanena krameNa kAryANi kriyante. ekAdezAdanavakAzatvAdautvaM dvirvacanAdapi paratvAdekAdezaH iti.

tuhyos tAtaG AziSy anyatarasyAm ONPANINI 71035
Optionally tu''' and hi''' to tAtaG when wishing.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 755

According to loTca, the loT may have many meanings, one of which is "wish", that is, blessing or curse --

jIv + loT tip → jIv + zap + tip → jIva + tu''' → jIvatu "may he live!"

jIv + loT sip → jIv + zap + sip → jIva + hi''' →atoheH jIva "live!"

mR + loT sip mara "die!"

When loT means a wish, this rule allows replacing the tu or hi with tAt(aG) --

jIv + loT tu''' → jIv + zap + tu jIvatAt

jIv + loT hi''' → jIv + zap + hi jIvatAt

mR + loT hi''' → mR + za + hi maratAt

As in --

jIvatAd bhavAn "live!"

jIvatAt tvam "live!"

maratAt tvam "die!"

The G of tAt(aG) triggers kGitica, so no hardsoft here --

brU + loT sip → brU + hi''' brU + tAt(aG) → brUtAt "may you say"

brU + loT tip → brU + tu''' brU + tAt(aG) → brUtAt "may he say"

You might have noticed two oddities here. First, the G label of tAt(aG) triggers kGitica, but does not trigger Gicca. Secondly, tu''' has label p, but when we replaced it with tAtaG, the tAtaG did not trigger bruva_IT. Instead, it worked as if it were the tAtaG that replaced hi''', which is apit.

KAZIKA tu hi ityetayoH AziSi viSaye tAtaGAdezo bhavatyanyatarasyAm. jIvatAd bhavAn. jIvatAt tvam. jIvatu bhavAn. jIva tvam. GitkaraNam guNavRddhi-pratiSedhArtham iti sarvAdezastAtaG bhavati. GittvAc cAsya sthAnivadbhAvAt yat pittvaM prApnoti tannivartate. Gicca pit na bhavati. tena bruva IT iti brUtAd bhavAniti IT na bhavati. AziSi iti kim? grAmaM gacchatu bhavAn. gaccha tvam. tAtaGi GitvaM saGkramakRt syAdantyavidhizcet tacca tathA na. her adhikAre her adhikAro lopavidhau tu jJApakam Aha. tAtaGo Gittva-sAmarthyAn na ayam antyavidhiH smRtaH. na tadvad anaG-AdInAM tena te 'ntyavikArajAH.

videH zatur vasuH ONPANINI 71036
After vid, zatR to vas(u) optionally.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 756

In other words, this rule is saying --

vidvas(u)- (from vid + vasu), means "that knows", same as vidat- ( vid + zatR).

According to this rule, vidvas- would be just an optional replacement of vidat-. Yet, in practice, this vidvas- nounbase is seldom used to mean "that knows" in general. In fact it usually means "a sage".

This vidvas- is the only vasu or kvasu ender that is often used outside the veda.

See also vasu with sup .

KAZIKA vida jJAne ityetasmAd dhAtoruttarasya zatuH vasurAdezaH bhavati. vidvAn, vidvAMsau, vidvAMsaH. sthAnivadbhAvAdugitkArye siddhe vasoH ukArakaraNaM vasoH samprasAraNam ity atra kvasor api sAmAnya-grahaN%Artham. ekAnubandhakagrahaNe na dvyanubandhakasya ity etad api na bhavati. tathA sati ukAra-karaNam anarthakaM syAt. anyatarasyAM grahaNaM kecid anuvartayanti. vidan, vidantau, vidantaH.

samAse '-naJ-pUrve ktvo lyap ONPANINI 71037
ktvA to (l)ya(p) in a naJ-less compound.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 757

The ktvA-enders, being verb replacers, can only be in a compound when rules gatizca ff allow it. Therefore, "in a compound" means that the ktvA-ender is compounded after a preverb (like pra + dRSTvA), or a gati (like paTU + kRtvA, where aTU is gati by UryAdi). In these cases we must replace ktvA with lyap --

AG + sthitvA → AG + sthA + ktvA AG + sthA + lyap → AsthAya "after performing"

paTU + kRtvA → paTU + kR + ktvA paTU + kR + lyap → paTUkRtya "after sharpening"

This lyap affix always comes from this rule, so it always replaces ktvA. This (k)tvA is kit (unless naktvAseT worked), so lyap will usually be kit too, by sthAnivad. The k label prevents puganta here --

pra + dRSTvA → pra + dRz + ktvA pra + dRz + lyap → pradRzya "after foreseeing"

and stretches grah here --

pra + gRhItvA → pra + grah + ktvA pra + grah + lyap →grahijyA pragRhya "after stretching out"

The l label of (l)ya(p) is for liti. The p label triggers hrasvasyapitikRtituk --

ava + plu + ktvA ava + plu + lyap →hrasvasyapiti avaplutya "jumped down and"

This rule won't work when the ktvA-ender is compounded after naJ --

naJ + kRtvA → akRtvA "without doing"

KAZIKA samAse '-naJ-pUrve ktvA ity etasya lyab ity ayam Adezo bhavati. prakRtya. prahRtya. pArzvataHkRtya. nAnAkRtya. dvidhAkRtya. samAse iti kim? kRtvA. hRtvA. anaJpUrve iti kim? akRtvA. ahRtvA. paramakRtvA. uttamakRtvA. anaJiti naJA anyadanaJ naJsadRzam avyayaM parigRhyate. tena naJanavyayaM canaJ na bhavati. snAtvAkAlakAdiSu mayUravyaMsakAdiSu nipAtanAl lyabAdezo na bhavati. athavA samAse iti nirdhAraNe saptamI. tena ktvA-'ntaH samAsa eva parigRhyate. sa ca yena vidhis tadantasya ityanena tadantavidhinA, na tu kRdgrahaNe gatikArakapUrvasya api iti. tathA ca a-naJ-pUrve ityucyate. gatikArakapUrvasyeva tu grahaNe sati naJpUrvasya prasaGga eva na asti, naJ na gatir na kArakam iti. pradhAya, prasthAya ityAdiSu hiprabhRtInantaraGganapi vidhIn bahiraGgo lyab bAdhate eva iti jJApitam etat.

In some rare cases the epics will have lyap replacement when there is no compounding. For instance, here we have gRhya for gRhItvA --

tato yudhiSThiraH pUrvanM dhanur gRhya mahAravam "Then Y. took his noisy bow and..."

Ami sarvanAmnaH suT ONPANINI 71052
Am to sAm after (the a A of a) pronoun.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 758

So, after sarva- we get --

sarva f + Am →ajAdyataSTAp sarva + Ap + Am →yasyetica sarvA + Am sarvAsAm f "of all"

sarva mn + Am sarva + sAm →bahuvacanejhalyet sarve + sAm →kric sarveSAm "of all"

as in --

sarveSAM sukhamM bhavatu "may all have happiness"

This rule will of course apply to the tad- that has turned into ta- or tA-, see --

tad- mn + Am →tyadAdInAmaH ta- + Am ta + sAm →bahuvacanejhalyet te + sAm →kric teSAm "of those"

tad- f + Am →tyadAdInAmaH ta- + Am →ajAdya tA + am tA + sAm →kric tAsAm "of those"

pUrva- m + Am pUrveSAm "of the eastern dudes; of the ancients"

KAZIKA Atiti vartate. avarNAt sarvanAmna uttarasya AmaH suDAgamo bhavati. sarveSAm. vizveSAm. yeSAm. teSAm. sarvAsAm. yAsAm. tAsAm. Atityeva. bhavatAm. Ami iti SaSThIbahuvacanaM gRhyate, na GerAm nadyAmnIbhyaH iti , tasya hi paratvAt AD-yAT-syATo bhavanti. yaz ca ghAtAmuH , Amaz ca liTi, na tau sarvanAnmaH staH. s%Anubandhakau iti vA tau na gRhyete. Ami iti saptamI-nirdezaH uttar%ArthaH. iha tu sarvanAmnaH iti paJcamI-nirdezAt tasmAd ity uttarasya iti , SaSThI-prakLptir bhaviSyati.

The literal translation of this rule is --

" Am gets suT after pronoun (that ends in A a). "

Here " Am gets s(uT)" means " Am becomes sAm" (see Adyantau).

The "that ends in a A" is a trickle from vedic rule 71050 Ajjaserasuk.

tres trayaH ONPANINI 71053
tri- to traya (before Am).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 759

The only example is --

tri- mn + Am traya + Am → traya + nAm →nAmi trayA + nAm →Natvam trayANAm "of three"

Therefore, this rule boils down to --

' tri- plus Am makes trAyANAm "

As in --

teSAnM trayANAJM cApAni ciccheda vizikhais tribhiH "The bows of those three he cut with three arrows."

If the tri- is feminine, we get tisRNAm instead, by tricaturo ff.

akSauhiNInAnM tisRNAmM patiH "lord of three akSauhinis"

KAZIKA tri ity etasya Ami pare traya ityayam Adezo bhavati. trayANAm. trINAm ityapi chandasi iSyate. trINAm api samudrANAm iti.

hrasva;nady;Apo nuT ONPANINI 71054
( Am gets) nuT after short, nadI, Ap.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 760

So, Am turns into nAm after most vowels.

(1) Example after Ap --

ajA- "she-goat" + Am ajAnAm "of she-goats"

(2) Examples after nadI- and vadhU-, that are nadI --

nadI- + Am nadI- + nAm → nadInAm "of rivers"

vadhU + Am vadhUnAm "of wives"

(3) Examples after short a i u R, which will lengthen by nAmi --

azva + Am azva + nAm →nAmi azvAnAm "of horses"

kapi + Am kapi + nAm →nAmi kapInAm "of monkeys"

guru + Am guru + nAm →nAmi gurUnAm →Natvam gurUNAm "of monkeys"

pitR + Am pitR + nAm →nAmi pitRRnAm →Natvam pitRRNAm "of fathers, of ancestors"

This rule works after most vowels. The vowels that do not turn Am into nAm are all seldom found, namely --

(A) the ec (only in nounbases go- dyo- nau- rai-), and

(B) the rootnouns that end in A I U (such as the nI of grAmaNI-).

So we say nAvam and grAmaNyAm.

KAZIKA hrasvAntAt nadyantAtAbantAc ca uttarasya AmaH nuDAgamo bhavati. hrasvAntAt tAvat – vRkSANAm. plakSANAm. agnInAm. vAyUnAm. kartRRNAm. nadyantAt – kumArINAm. kizorINAm. gaurINAm. zArGgaravINAm. lakSmINAm. brahmabandhUnAm. vIrabandhUnAm. AbantAt – khaTvAnAm. mAlAnAm. bahurAjAnAm. kArISagandhyAnAm.

Inria declension shows grAmaNInAm. That's no good. Ask hyderabad, if you don't trust pANini.

SaT;caturbhyaz ca ONPANINI 71055
( Am gets nuT) after sixlike and catur-.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 761

So we replace Am with nAm after --

catur- + Am catur- + nAm →Natvam caturNAm "of four"

paJcan- + Am paJcan- + nAm →nopadhAyAH paJcAn + nAm →svAdiSva paJcAn @word + nAm →nalopaHprA paJcAnAm "of five"

and of course after SaS-, which is clearly a sixlike --

SaS- + Am SaS- + nAm →svAdiSva @word SaS + nAm →jhalAJjazonte SaD + nAm →STunA SaD + NAm →yaronu SaNNAm "of six"

And as yaronu is optional, SaDNam "of six" is pc too.

KAZIKA SaTsaMjJakebhyaH catuHzabdAc ca uttarasyAmo nuDAgamaH bhavati. SaNNAm. paJcAnAm. saptAnAm. navAnAm. dazAnAm. caturNAm. rephAntAyAH saGkhyAyAH SaTsaMjJA na vihitA, SaDbhyo lug iti lug mA bhUt. bahuvacananirdezAdatra saGkhyApradhAnasya grahaNaM bhavati. paramaSaNNAm. paramapaJcAnAm. paramasaptAnAm. paramacaturNAm. upasarjanIbhUtAyAs tu saGkhyAyAH na bhavati, priyaSaSAm, priyapaJcAm, priyacaturAm iti.

id-ito num dhAtoH ONPANINI 71058
idit roots get num.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 762 num

An idit root has label i in the dhAtupATha. Like "(Tu)nad(i)" ( ad 01.0070 "be glad"), that has label Tu' and label i.

The label i makes it get num --

nad + laT tip nand + tip →kartarizap nandati "rejoices"

nad + kta nand + kta → nand + ( iT + ta ) nandita- "rejoiced"

As nad gets num no matter what, it is listed as nand in modern dictionaries.

KAZIKA idito dhAtor numAgamo bhavati. kuDi kuNDitA. kuNDitum. kuNDitavyam. kuNDA. huDi huNDitA. huNDitum. huNditavyam. huNDA. iditaH iti kim? pacati. paThati. ayaM dhAtUpadezAvasthAyAm eva nugAmamo bhavati kuNDA, guNDA iti, gurozca hala ityakArapratyayo yathA syAt. tathA hi dhinvikRNvyora ca 31080 iti pratyayavidhAveva numanuSaktayor grahaNam. dhAtugrahaNam ca iha kriyate dhAtUpadezakAla eva numAgamo yathA syAtityevam artham. tAsisicoriditkAryaM na asti ityuccAraNArtho niranunAsika ikAraH paThyate. amaMsta ityevam Adau hi hanaH sic 12024 iti kitvavidhAnasAmarthyAt nakAralopo na bhavati. mantA ityatra api asiddhavadatrA' bhAt 64022 iti Tilopasya asiddhatvAn nalopo na bhavati. iha kasmAn na bhavati, bhettA, dhettA iti? iritAM samudAyasyetsaMjJA iti iditvaM na asti. avayavazo 'pi itsaMjJAyAM satyAM goH pAdAnte 71057 ito 'ntagrahaNam anuvartayitavyam, tenAntedito dhAtavo gRhyante.

ze muc'-AdInAm ONPANINI 71059
Before za, muc-class (get num).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 763

The muc-class are the last eight roots of the zaclass, namely --

muc lup vid lip sic kRt khid piz

All examples (with laT tip) --

muc + tip → muc + za + ti munc + a + ti →nazcA muMcati →anusvA muJcati

kRt + za + tip kRntati "cuts"

muJcate muJcati

lumpate lumpati

vindate vindati

limpate limpati

siJcate siJcati

kRntati

khindati

piMzati

KAZIKA ze pratyaye parato mucAdInam numAgamo bhavati. muclR muJcati. luplR lumpati. vidlR vindati. lipi limpati. sic siJcati. kRtI kRntati. khida khindati. piza piMzati. ze iti kim? moktA. moktum. moktavyam. mucAdInAm iti kim? tudati. nudati. ze tRmphAdInAm upasaGkhyAnaM kartavyam. ke punaH tRmphAdayaH? tRpha tRmpha tRptau dRpha Drmpha utkleze, gupha gumpha granthe, ubha umbha pUraNe, zubha zumbha zobhArthe ityatra ye sAnuSaGgAH tRmphAdayaH teSAm aniditAM hala upadhAyAH kGiti iti anunAsikalope kRte num vidhIyate, sa ca vidhAnasAmarthyAt na lupyate. tRmphati. dRmphati. gumphati. umbhati. zumbhati. ye tu niranuSaGgAH teSAM tRphati, dRphati, guphati, ubhati, zubhati ityevaM bhavati.

masji-nazor jhali ONPANINI 71060
masj and naz (get num) before serious.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 764

The roots

majj majjati (Du)masj(o) 06.0151 "be inmersed"

and

naz nazyati Naz(a) 04.0091 "disappear, perish"

get num before affixes that start with a serious letter.

Examples before affixes that start with s t --

naz + sya + tip nanz + sya + ti →vrazca;bhrasja nanS + sya + ti →SaDhoHkassi nankSyati →nazcA naMkSyati →anusvA naGkSyati "he will perish"

masj + tumun →skossa maj + tum manj + tum →coHkuH mangtum →kharica manktum →nazcA maMktum →anusvA maGktum "to sink"

KAZIKA masji nazi ity etayor aGgayoH jhal-Adau pratyaye num-Agamo bhavati. maGktA. maGktum. maGktavyam. naMSTA. naMSTum. naMSTavyam. jhali iti kim? majjanam. nazanam. masjer antyAt pUrva numam icchanti anuSaGg´Adi-lop%Artham. magnaH. magnavan.

majj is aniT, but naz is veT, so after naz, sya can become iSya and then it does not begin with a serious, and then this rule does not work. So we can also say --

naz + sya + tip →ArdhadhAtukasyeD naz + iSya + ti → naziSyati "he will perish"

ugid;acAM sarvanAmasthAne '-dhAtoH ONPANINI 71070
ugit gets ( num) before strong.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 765 num

The ugit nounbases (those that end in an ugit affix such as matup, zatR, vatup, ktavatu, Iyas(un), vasu) get num before strong affixes.

Example. pazyat- "that sees" is ugit because it was made from dRz + zatR, and zatR is Rdit. Therefore, before all strong, pazyat- gets num --

pazyat- m + jas pazyant + as → pazyantas "that see"

The nounbases dRSTavat-, hanumat-, gomat-, vidvas- are udit because they end in ktavatu matup vasu. As they are udit, they are also ugit, and get num before strong --

hanumat(u)- m + am hanumat- + num + am →midaco hanumantam "pn"

gomat(u)- m + jas gomat- + num + jas →midaco gomantas "cattleowners"

gomat(u)- n + zi gomat- + num + i →midaco gomanti "that own cattle"

as in

gomanti kulAni "cattleowner families"

Before strong su, the at(u)-enders get atvasa. Examples with ktavatu, matup, vasu --

dRSTavat(u)- m + su →atvasa dRSTavAts dRSTavAnts →halGyA dRSTavAnt →saMyogAnta dRSTavAn "he saw"

hanumat(u)- m + su →atvasa hanumAts hanumAnts →halGyA hanumAnt →saMyogAnta hanumAn "pn"

vidvas(u)- m + su vidvAn "sage"

but the zatR-enders don't, because they are not udit --

pazyat(R)- m + su pazyants →halGyA pazyant →saMyogAnta pazyan "that sees"

Exception. Rootnouns do get num, even if they are ugit.

So, the root gras(u) 01.0717, when compounded after its object, as in

piNDagras- "rice-ball eater, crow"

, does not get num.

Exception to the exception. The root aJc(u) a.k.a. ac''' is udit, but it does get num before strong anyway. So, before strong su, we say --

pra + ac''' m + am pra + anc + am →akassa prAncam →nazcA prAMcam →anusvA prAJcam "eastern"

but before a non- strong --

pra + ac''' m + zas → pra + ac + as →akassa prAcas "eastern ones"

See also exception nAbhyastAcchatuH.

KAZIKA ugitAm aGgAnAM dhAtu-varjitAnAm aJcatez ca sarvanAmasthAne parato num-Agamo bhavati. bhavatu bhavAn, bhavantau, bhavantaH. Iyasun zreyAn, zreyAMsau, zreyAMsaH. zatR pacan, pacantau, pacantaH. aJcateH prAG, prAJcau, prAJcaH. ugidacAm iti kim? dRSad, dRSadau, dRSadaH. sarvanAmasthAne iti kim? bhavataH pazya. zreyasaH pazya. aJcatigrahaNaM niyamArtham, aJcatereva dhAtoranyasya mA bhUt. ukhAsrat. parNadhvat. adhAtoH iti kim? a-dhAtu-bhUta-pUrvasya yathA syAt. gomantam icchati gomatyati, gomatyater apratyayaH gomAn. atra hi dhAtutvAd aJcati-grahaNAn na syAt.

yujer a-samAse ONPANINI 71071
Uncompounded yuj- gets ( num before strong).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 766 num

The yuj- rootnoun has kvin (by Rtvig;dadhRk) and means "joiner". Anomalously for a rootnoun, it can be used uncompounded.

yuj- + jas yunjas →nazcA yuMjas →anusvA yuJjas "joiners"

The kvin affix makes rule kvinpra work here:

yuj- + su yunjs →halGyA yunj →saMyogAnta yun →kvinpratyaya yuG "a joiner"

KAZIKA yujer asamAse sarvanAmasthAne parato num-Agamo bhavati. yuG, yuJjau, yuJjaH. a-samAse iti kim? azvayuk, azvayujau, azvayujaH. yujeH iti ikAra-nirdezAt yuja samAdhau ity asya grahaNaM na bhavati. yujamApannA RSayaH.

Of course when yuj- is in a compound, it gets no num --

azva- + yuj- f + au → azvayujau "the Two Yokers (alpha and beta Arietis)"

azva- + yuj- f + su →halGyA azvayuj →coHkuH azvayug →beforepause azvayuk f "the Yoker (alpha and beta Arietis)"

napuMsakasya jhal;acaH ONPANINI 71072
nonfunny gets num before zi.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 767 num

A " nonfunny " is whatever does not end in a funny letter. "gets num" means we add n after its last vowel. For instance, manas- and phala- are nonfunny, neuter nounbases, so this ruleworks on them--

manas- n + zi manans + i →sAntama manAnsi →nazcApa manAMsi "minds"

phala- + zi phalan + i →rAjAnam phalAni "fruits, results"

dadhi- + zi dadhin + i →rAjAnam dadhIni "kinds of curds"

madhu- + zi madhun + i →rAjAnam madhUni "kinds of honey"

kartR- n + zi kartRn + i →rAjAnam kartRRni →Natvam kartRRNi "fabbers"

mahat- n + zi mahant + i →sAntama mahAnti "big"

zakRt- n + zi zakRnti "turds"

But nAman- ends in n, a funny letter, so we do not add a secend n to it --

nAman- + zi →rAjAnam nAmAni "names"

Also catur- ends with r, a funny --

catur @n + jas → catur + zi →caturana catuAr + i →ikoyaNaci catvAri "four"

KAZIKA napuMsakasya jhalantasya ca sarvanAmasthAne parato numAgamo bhavati. udazvinti. zakRnti. yazAMsi. payAMsi. ajantasya kuNDAni. vanAni. trapUNi. jatUni. napuMsakasya iti kim? agnicid brAhmaNaH. jhalacaH iti kim? bahupuri. bahudhuri. vimaladivi. catvAri. ahAni. ugito jhalantasya napuMsakasya paratvAdanena eva num bhavati. zreyAMsi. bhUyAMsi. kurvanti. kRSanti brAhmaNakulAni. bahUrji pratiSedho vaktavyaH. bahUrji brAhmaNakulAni. antyAt pUrvaM numam eke icchanti. bahUrJji brAhmaNakulAni.

iko 'ci vibhaktau ONPANINI 71073
( neuter) i u (gets num) before vowel vibhakti.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 768 num

Example --

mRdu- + zI mRdunI n "two soft ones"

This is the only rule that can make a TAsup behave differently after a masculine and after a neuter --

mRdu m + Gas mRdos

mRdu n + Gas mRdunas

After adjectives, this n is optional, by tRtIyA-''diSu below, so we may say mRdos in the neuter too.

KAZIKA igantasya napuMsakasya aGgasya ajAdau vibhaktau numAgamo bhavati. trapuNI. jatunI. tumburuNI. trapuNe. jatune. tumburuNe. ikaH iti kim? kuNDe. pIThe. aci iti kim? uttarArtham. yadyevam, tatra eva kartavyam? iha tu karaNasya etat prayojanam, he trapo ityatra num mA bhUt, iti, na Gi-sambuddhyor iti nalopapratiSedhaH syAt. nanu ca na lumatAGgasyeti pratyayalakSaNe pratiSiddhe vibhaktireva na asti? etadeva ajgrahaNaM jJApakaM pratyayalakSaNapratiSedho 'tra na bhavati iti. tathA ca sambuddhiguNaH kriyate. vibhaktau iti kiM? taumburavaM cUrNam. iko 'ci vyaJjane mA bhUdastu lopaH svaraH katham. svaro vai zrUyamANe 'pi lupte kiM na bhaviSyati. rAyAtvaM tisRbhAvazca vyavadhAnAnnumA api. nuD vAcya uttarArthaM tu iha kiJcit trapo iti.

tRtIyA-''diSu bhASita-puMskaM puMvad gAlavasya ONPANINI 71074
Before TAsup, (neuter i u) adjectives are masculine-like optionally.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 769

In other words, the previous rule is compulsory on normal nouns. But, on adjectives, it is still compulsory before zI, but optional before Ge Gasi Gas Gi os.

zuci- n "clean" is an adjective. So, before Gas, we can say either --

zuci- n + Gas →ikoci zucinas

or, by this rule --

zuci- n + Gas [ masculine-like ] zuci- n + Gas →gherGiti zuce- + Gas →GasiGasozca zuces ( same steps as kapes m )

However, as vAri- n is not an adjective, it gets ikoci compulsorily --

vAriNazH zucinaH "of clean water"

vAriNazH zuceH "of clean water"

KAZIKA tRtIyAdiSu vibhaktiSvajAdiSu bhASitapuMskam igantaM napuMsakaM gAlavasyAcAryasya matena puMvad bhavati. yathA puMsi hrasvanumau na bhavataH, tadvadatra api na bhavataH ityarthaH. grAmaNIH brAhmaNaH. grAmaNi brAhmaNakulam. grAmaNyA. brAhmaNakulena, grAmaNinA brAhmaNakulena. grAmaNye brAhmaNakulAya, grAmaNine brAhmaNakulAya. grAmaNyo brAhmaNakulAt, grAmaNino brAhmaNakulAt. grAmaNyo brAhmaNakulasya, grAmaNino brAhmaNakulasya. grAmaNyor brAhmaNakulayoH, grAmaNinor brAhmaNakulayoH. grAmaNyAM brAhmaNakulAnAm, numacira iti pUrvavipratiSedhena nuT, grAmaNInAM brAhmaNakulAnAm. grAmaNyAM brAhmaNakule, grAmaNini brAhmaNakule. zucirbrAhmaNaH. zuci brAhmaNakulam. zucaye brAhmaNakulAya, zucine brAhmaNakulAya. zucer brAhmaNakulAt, zucino brAhmaNakulAt. zucer brAhmaNakulasya, zucino brAhmaNakulasya. zucyor brAhmaNakulayoH, zucinor brAhmaNakulayoH. zucau brAhmaNakule, zucini brAhmaNakule. tRtIyAdiSu iti kim? grAmaNinI brAhmaNakule. zucinI brAhmaNakule. bhASitapuMskam iti kim? trapuNe. jatune. iha kasmAn na bhavati, pIlurvRkSaH, pIlu phalam, pIlune phalAya iti? samAnAyAmAkRtau yad bhASItpuMskaM tulye pravRttinimatte tasya puMvadbhAvaH. iha tu vRkSAkRtiH pravRttinimittaM puMsi zabdasya, phalAkRtirnapuMsake. tadetadevaM kathaM bhavati bhAsitapuMskam iti? bhASitaH pumAn yasminnarthe pravRttinimitte sa bhAsitapuMskazabdena ucyate, uadyogAdabhidheyam api yad napuMsakaM tadapi bhASitapuMsakam. tasya pratipAdakaM yac chabdarUpaM tadapi bhASitapuMskam iti? ikaH ityeva, kIlAlapA brAhmaNaH. kIlAlapaM bAhmaNakulam. kIlAlapena brAhmaNakulena. aci ityeva, grAmaNibhyAM brAhmaNakulAbhyAm.

TAsup means TA to sup'mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 770

So the TAsup are the last twenty-one affixes of the list svaujas.

In other words, all the sup are TAsup except the first six, svaujas and amauTchaS.

asthi;dadhi; sakthy;akSNAm anaG udAttaH ONPANINI 71075
asthi- dadhi- sakthi- akSi- to anaG (before vowel TAsup).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 771

(Exception to ikocivibhaktau, that would have added n.)

The four neuter nounbases asthi- "bone", dadhi- "curds", sakthi- "thigh", akSi- "eye" replace their i with an before the TAsup that start with a vowel.

Most of the time, alloponaH will erase the a. Examples --

dadhi- + TA dadhan + A →alloponaH dadhnA

akSi- + TA akSan + TA →alloponaH akSnA →STunA akSNA

When these are not neuter because they are at the end of a compound, the rule still works --

priyadadhnA brAhmaNena "by a brahmin that likes curds"

KAZIKA asthi dadhi sakthi akSi ityeteSA napuMsakAnAM tRtIyAdiSu ajAdiSu vibhaktiSu parato 'naGityayam Adezo bhavati, sa ca udAtto bhavati. asthnA. asthne. dadhnA. dadhne. sakthnA. sakthne. akSNA. akSNe. asthyAdaya AdyudAttAH, teSAm anaGAdezaH sthAnivadbhAvAdanudAttaH syAtiti udAttavacanam. tatra bhasaMjJAyAm allope kRte udAttanivRttisvareNa vibhaktirudAttA bhavati. etairasthyAdibhir napuMsakairanapuMsakasya api aGgasya tadantagrahaNam iSyate. priyAsthnA brAhmaNena. priyadadhnA. tRtIyAdiSu iti kim? asthinI. dadhinI. aci ityeva, asthibhyAm. dadhibhyAm.